Tree modeling and simulation techniques encompass a range of interdisciplinary methodologies that integrate computer graphics, mathematical algorithms, and physical modelling to replicate the complex ...

1. Matrix models are popular tools for plant demographic studies, but their application to long-lived, slow-growing species is hampered by the fact that (i) model output is highly sensitive to ...

Annals of Botany, Vol. 116, No. 2 (August 2015), pp. 261-277 (17 pages) Background and Aims In mountain ecosystems, predicting root density in three dimensions (3-D) is highly challenging due to the ...

Before the French Revolution, family trees were reserved for the feudal upper classes, who used them to consolidate their social status. While feudalism broke down and family trees lost their old ...